Hawaii's Earthquake Report Highlights Importance of Rigorous Data Review Processes

On December 17th, 2023, the seismic activity in Hawaii drew attention as a magnitude-3.6 earthquake was reported about 40 miles southwest of Kaʻū. However, this report was swiftly deleted after a thorough review by a seismologist at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This incident highlights the importance of the review processes established by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), which is integral to ensuring the accuracy and reliability of information regarding volcanic and seismic activities in the region. In a recent “Volcano Watch” article, Natalia Deligne, a geologist at HVO, elaborated on the meticulous review process that ensures the scientific integrity of the data shared with the community and stakeholders. As part of the USGS, HVO plays a crucial role in monitoring the volcanoes of Hawaii and American Samoa as well as tracking earthquakes that occur throughout the state. The responsibility of HVO extends beyond mere data collection; it involves rigorous protocols to validate the information before it is disseminated to the public. The review process comprises several layers of scrutiny, each tailored to the type of information being evaluated. The first category includes data collected from monitoring instruments like seismometers and webcams. This automatic data collection is governed by strict procedures for processing and archiving, allowing HVO to share monitoring data with minimal delay, as there is confidence in the automated systems in place. The second type of information under scrutiny is derived from extensive research, which can take years to compile. This involves findings from scientific papers, geologic maps, and other scholarly outputs. Each publication undergoes a rigorous peer review process, involving feedback from at least two external experts. Authors are then required to make revisions based on this input, ensuring that only the highest quality science is published. This process often involves multiple levels of approval, ensuring that all findings adhere to USGS standards. The third type, and perhaps the most time-sensitive, is the interpretation of current volcanic and seismic activity. This includes issuing official notices that detail current conditions and alert levels for volcanoes. Because of the immediate nature of this information, HVO staff are specially trained to disseminate data quickly and accurately, ensuring that the assessments are transparent and based on their expertise. In her article, Deligne emphasized that while the review process can be time-consuming, it is essential in maintaining the credibility of the information shared with the public. It acts as a safeguard, providing a thorough vetting of the data that informs decision-making and enhances public awareness of volcanic activity in the region. As of now, Kīlauea volcano, one of the most active in Hawaii, is not erupting and remains at an advisory alert level, a status that reflects a careful assessment of current conditions. The combination of ongoing monitoring and rigorous scientific review underscores HVO’s commitment to providing the community with accurate and timely information, ultimately fostering a deeper understanding of Hawaii's dynamic geological landscape.