Stigma and misinformation persist about HIV despite medical advances in Mexico.

More than 40 years after the first case of HIV was detected in the world, stigma and myths surrounding this disease persist in Mexico, despite significant advances in treatments and understanding of the infection. David Alvarado, president of the Mexican Foundation for the Fight Against AIDS (Fundasida), emphasizes that the great challenge lies not only in medicine but also in breaking down the misconceptions that still surround the virus. Alvarado points out that the understanding of HIV remains limited in society, which fuels misinformation. "Despite all the years that have passed, there are still many misconceptions about how it is transmitted and what it means to live with the virus. We need to put an end to those myths in order to prevent new infections and advance treatment," he explains. This misinformation, combined with fear of social judgment, discourages many people from getting tested and seeking treatment. HIV, as a sexually transmitted disease, primarily affects men who have sex with other men, but the risk is not limited to this population. Alvarado highlights that heterosexual men are also responsible for transmitting the virus to their partners. "The lack of protection in sexual relationships remains one of the primary routes of contagion," he warns. Today, thanks to antiretroviral treatments, a person with HIV can expect to live between 70 and 75 years, with a quality of life similar to that of anyone else. However, fear of medication side effects and lack of medical follow-up can hinder access to necessary treatment. "It is essential for those living with HIV to have regular check-ups and maintain a healthy lifestyle. This will allow them to manage their condition effectively," he adds. One of the most entrenched myths is that a person with HIV must be visibly ill to be a carrier. The reality is that many people can be infected for years without showing symptoms. "We cannot base our safety on the physical appearance of our partner. It is essential to use protection and get tested regularly," Alvarado emphasizes. The misconception of HIV as a disease exclusively associated with the LGBT community has contributed to the stigmatization of those living with the virus. Beliefs that only those with multiple partners or those working in the sex industry are affected perpetuate the stigma. This prevents people from recognizing their risk and seeking necessary medical attention. Stigmatization not only affects the mental health of those with HIV but can also lead to denial of diagnosis and lack of treatment. "Many men feel that if they take an HIV test, they could be judged for their sexual orientation, while many women fear being considered promiscuous if they are associated with the virus," explains Alvarado. This vicious circle of stigmatization limits access to healthcare and timely diagnosis. The situation is concerning when considering that 84.5% of HIV cases in Mexico are concentrated in men. "We urgently need to formulate strategies that not only prevent transmission but also address stigmatization in an effective and compassionate manner," asserts Alvarado. Education and access to accurate information are essential to breaking down the walls of fear and misinformation. At the international level, new treatment options are being developed that offer hope not only for those living with HIV but also for those seeking to prevent infection. For example, lenacapavir is a medication used as prophylaxis that has shown efficacy in reducing viral load and preventing contagion. However, its availability in Mexico is still limited, reflecting the disparity in access to advanced treatments. As medicine advances in the treatment of HIV, stigma remains a persistent obstacle that requires attention. "Leveraging medical advancements is crucial, but we cannot forget that education and social acceptance are equally important. Only through a comprehensive approach can we effectively confront this epidemic," concludes Alvarado. The fight against HIV is not only medical but also social, and efforts must focus on educating, informing, and supporting those living with this condition.