"Advances in the treatment and prevention of HIV: a path towards full health"

Since its identification more than four decades ago, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has transformed the lives of millions of people worldwide. With approximately 40 million individuals currently living with this disease, it is essential to understand not only what HIV is but also how to prevent and treat it. Over the years, we have witnessed significant evolution in the knowledge and management of this infection, allowing many patients to lead fulfilling lives. HIV is a virus that affects the immune system, specifically attacking lymphocytes, which are essential for combating infections. This infection, if left untreated, can progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a serious condition that leaves the body vulnerable to infections and diseases. Historically, the lack of information and access to treatments in the 1980s and 1990s contributed to widespread stigma and fear surrounding the disease, further complicating the global response. Today, thanks to advances in medicine, HIV is considered a chronic disease that can be effectively managed through antiretroviral treatments. These medications allow patients to live with the virus without developing severe symptoms or complications, leading to a notable decrease in the mortality rate in Latin America, which has fallen by 28% in recent years. However, it is crucial to remember that there is no definitive cure for HIV, and prevention remains a vital tool. HIV transmission occurs through direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person. It is important to highlight that the virus is most contagious in the early stages of infection, and many people are unaware of their status until they present advanced symptoms. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the importance of regular testing, as the only way to confirm the infection is through timely diagnosis. The symptoms of HIV can vary depending on the phase of the disease. In the early stages, some people may experience flu-like symptoms, while more serious complications, such as opportunistic infections, may occur in advanced stages. For this reason, access to screening tests has become fundamental, providing individuals with the opportunity to begin treatment before the virus causes severe damage. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is key to controlling the replication of the virus in the body. These medications, taken daily, help maintain the viral load at undetectable levels, which not only protects the patient's health but also drastically reduces the risk of transmitting the virus to others. This strategy has revolutionized the approach to HIV, offering real hope to those diagnosed. In addition to ART, there is pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a preventive method that allows individuals at high risk of contracting HIV to protect themselves effectively. PrEP acts as a barrier, preventing the virus from establishing itself in the body. It is essential for those opting for this method to commit to taking the medication consistently for it to be effective. Recently, a new advancement in the fight against HIV has been introduced: lenacapavir. This antiviral is not only used in people who are already infected but can also act as a preventive method when injected every six months. Although it is not a vaccine, it represents a milestone in the search for solutions to control the epidemic, providing new hope to millions of at-risk individuals. Despite the advancements, stigma remains a barrier in the fight against HIV. Education and awareness are essential to demystify the disease and foster an environment where those living with the virus can do so without fear of discrimination. Accurate and accessible information is crucial to empower communities and promote effective prevention practices. In conclusion, HIV remains a global challenge, but the landscape has changed dramatically in recent years. With effective treatments and new prevention strategies, it is possible to live with the virus and lead a fulfilling life. However, ongoing commitment to education and access to healthcare is fundamental to eradicating the epidemic and ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to enjoy a healthy life. The fight against HIV is not over, and every step counts in the pursuit of a definitive solution.