Saudi Arabia's 2034 World Cup: A Game-Changer for Sports, Diplomacy, and Reform?

As Saudi Arabia gears up to host the 2034 men’s World Cup, the landscape of international sports and diplomacy is shifting significantly. The Kingdom, often viewed through the lens of its controversial human rights record and the shadow of the Khashoggi murder, is quickly becoming a focal point for global sporting events. The decision by FIFA to award Saudi Arabia the coveted tournament spot raises several questions about the implications of this choice, not just for football, but for the broader narrative surrounding the Kingdom's place in the world. In the wake of President Joe Biden’s earlier stance that relegated Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) to the political periphery, it seems that diplomatic realities have shifted. The Kingdom’s ongoing investments in sports, coupled with high-profile visits from world leaders like France’s Emmanuel Macron and the UK’s Sir Keir Starmer, suggest a new era of engagement. These leaders recognize the economic necessities tied to maintaining robust relationships with the oil-rich nation, even amidst its complex human rights record. The hosting of the World Cup is emblematic of Saudi Arabia's ambitions under MBS's Vision 2030, a strategic roadmap aimed at diversifying its economy and reducing its dependence on oil. The Crown Prince’s investments in sports, entertainment, and tourism signify a concerted effort to reshape the country’s global image, seeking to foster a more moderate, investor-friendly environment. The objective appears twofold: to capture the attention of the international community and to harness the energy of a young, largely underemployed population. However, the lingering concerns about the treatment of migrant workers and the repressive conditions under which many Saudis live remain. As the country prepares for a significant influx of visitors during the World Cup, the effectiveness and ethics of its rapid development model are under scrutiny. Despite promises of reform, the realities on the ground—such as the harsh conditions faced by migrant laborers involved in the construction of vast infrastructure projects—cast a long shadow over these transformative ambitions. The parallels with Qatar's hosting of the previous World Cup are hard to ignore. There, the construction of stadiums and facilities raised critical questions about labor rights and ethical governance. Will Saudi Arabia be able to rise above these criticisms, or will it find itself mired in similar controversies? The nation’s substantial investment in sports, including high-profile signings in its domestic football leagues, may serve as a distraction from its internal issues, but it remains to be seen whether this strategy will yield lasting benefits for its citizens or simply momentary global attention. Importantly, the enthusiasm for football among ordinary Saudis cannot be overlooked. The country boasts a passionate football culture, evidenced by the raucous atmosphere during local matches, including a memorable encounter between Cristiano Ronaldo’s Al Nassr and Karim Benzema’s Al Ittihad. Such moments reveal a deep-seated love for the game that could play a crucial role in the success of the World Cup. As we approach 2034, the narrative surrounding Saudi Arabia as a host nation will likely evolve. Critics will persist, focusing on human rights abuses and the implications of sportswashing, while supporters may argue that hosting the World Cup could catalyze broader societal changes. The question remains: Can sport be a genuine force for good in the Kingdom, driving progress in areas traditionally resistant to change? In conclusion, while skepticism is warranted, it is equally important to acknowledge the potential for growth, engagement, and reform that comes with hosting such a monumental event. As Saudi Arabia steps into the global spotlight, the world will be watching, not just for thrilling matches but for the broader implications of this audacious undertaking—one that could redefine the Kingdom's relationship with the world and its own citizens. The coming years will reveal whether Saudi Arabia can transform its ambitions into reality, or whether the echoes of past misdeeds will overshadow its sporting aspirations.