Armed Forces: Pillar in Risk Management and Defense of Democracy in Peru

Risk management in a country like Peru has become a relevant topic in the last decade, especially following devastating events such as the Coastal El Niño phenomenon in 2017. In this context, the role played by the Armed Forces (FFAA) has once again come under scrutiny. Although there is often an anti-military bias, it is essential to recognize that these institutions not only have the responsibility of territorial defense against external threats but that their involvement in crisis management and the safeguarding of democracy is crucial. From a historical perspective, the FFAA have been key actors in defending democratic order in the country. Concrete examples include their intervention in the fight against terrorism in the 1980s and 1990s, during which they managed to dismantle groups like Shining Path and the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA). These efforts should not be underestimated, as they laid the groundwork for stability in a nation marked by violence and insecurity. However, public perception of their role has been ambivalent, often affected by episodes of corruption and abuse. The failed coup attempt by Pedro Castillo in 2022 is an example of how the FFAA can influence the democratic stability of the country. Despite the political and social tension that ensued, the armed forces' refusal to support him was decisive in preventing a slide towards an authoritarian regime. This moment served as a clear reminder that the loyalty of the FFAA to the Constitution and democracy is essential for the nation's health. Nevertheless, the challenges facing Peru are complex and multifaceted. The FFAA must not only be prepared to confront external threats or attempts at political destabilization but also address internal threats stemming from organized crime. Drug trafficking, illegal mining, and other illicit activities have managed to penetrate sectors of the state and society, creating an environment conducive to corruption and the weakening of social fabric. The recent history of countries like Nicaragua and Venezuela serves as a warning of what could happen if organized crime manages to establish a dictatorship in the country. From a geopolitical perspective, it is crucial for the FFAA to maintain a focus on national integration. In a nation with so many internal divisions, their work can be fundamental in uniting communities that would otherwise be at odds. The creation of programs that provide support to the most remote regions, such as the PIAS and SIMA in the Amazon, is an example of how the FFAA can contribute to the country's development and foster social cohesion. Furthermore, strengthening the FFAA should be a priority for the country. Modernizing their capabilities, as well as training their members, is vital for them to face not only traditional challenges but also the new forms of conflict that arise in the contemporary era. The threat of cyberattacks and hybrid warfare are realities they must contend with, and for this, they need to be adequately equipped and trained. However, the path will not be without obstacles. The anti-military mentality that persists in certain sectors of society may hinder the positive appraisal of the FFAA's role. There are currents that dismiss their relevance, arguing that armed conflicts are a thing of the past. Nevertheless, history shows that peace requires constant vigilance and preparation. It is essential to recognize that national security is not a topic that can be ignored, especially in a global context where tensions can escalate rapidly. Therefore, it is imperative to foster a constructive dialogue about the role of the FFAA in society. This dialogue must include all stakeholders, from authorities to citizens, to build a shared understanding of the importance of having robust Armed Forces committed to the defense of democracy and national integrity. In conclusion, the Armed Forces play a fundamental role in the country’s risk management, which goes beyond territorial defense and disaster response. Their capacity to protect democracy, confront internal threats, and contribute to national integration is vital for the future of Peru. History teaches us that a country that does not respect its FFAA and does not invest in them risks falling into chronic instability. It is time to redefine the relationship between society and its Armed Forces, recognizing their importance in building a safer and more democratic future.