Political instability in Bolivia: a reminder of institutional fragility in Latin America

On June 26, 2024, will be marked in Bolivia's history as yet another episode that has characterized the political instability of this Andean country throughout its existence. A military pronouncement led by General Zúñiga interrupted the routine of Bolivians, plunging them into uncertainty and reminding them of a sad reality: the institutional fragility that has permeated over the years. Since its independence in 1825, Bolivia has witnessed close to 190 coups, coup attempts, and revolutions, reflecting a constant political instability that has hindered the country's development. This recent situation, although it may seem exotic from the perspective of international observers, is simply another chapter in Bolivia's tumultuous political history. However, this event should not be taken lightly or overlooked, especially in a region like Latin America that has witnessed multiple episodes of military intervention in politics. The reaction of some political sectors to General Zúñiga's coup attempt has raised alarms about the democratic commitment of certain figures in the region. Colombian Senator María Fernanda Cabal, a representative of uribism in her country, tweeted in support of Zúñiga's coup efforts, showing a concerning stance that raises doubts about the defense of democracy by some political leaders in Latin America. Likewise, on social media platforms of the Peruvian right-wing, similar messages of support could be found, indicating a dangerous trend towards justifying antidemocratic actions. It is essential to remember that the legitimacy of a democratic government should not be questioned without solid grounds. In the case of Bolivia, President Luis Arce and his party, the Movement Towards Socialism (MAS), were democratically elected in 2020 with broad popular support. Any attempt to subvert the will of the Bolivian people would be to deny the very essence of democracy. It is alarming to observe how, in some sectors of the region, the defense of democracy seems to be selective, conditioned by particular political interests rather than fundamental democratic principles. Latin American history has taught us that the interference of the Armed Forces in politics only leads to instability and democratic regression. It is time to reflect on our commitment to democracy in Latin America and reaffirm our willingness to respect the popular will and democratic institutions. Condemning antidemocratic actions is not enough; it is necessary to act decisively and collectively to protect democracy in the region and prevent episodes like the one that occurred in Bolivia from recurring in the future. Respect for democracy and the rule of law must be an unquestionable priority for all political actors in Latin America, regardless of their ideological affiliation. Only through a firm and sustained commitment to democratic principles can we build fairer, more stable, and prosperous societies for all citizens in the region. Democracy is not a selective privilege, it is a universal right that must be protected and defended at all times.