The challenge of overtourism: how to protect our cultural and natural heritage?

The summer we have experienced this year has been marked not only by the summery melodies that accompany vacations but also by a phenomenon that has gained unusual relevance: 'overtourism.' This term refers to the saturation of tourist areas, which, although widely discussed in Europe, seems to have found particular resonance in Southern Europe. Iconic cities and landscapes that were once enjoyed in tranquility are now invaded by a tide of tourists seeking authentic experiences, significantly impacting the daily lives of local residents and the natural environment. As temperatures rise, the streets of Barcelona, Venice, and Lisbon become corridors filled with people from all over the world. While tourism is undoubtedly a vital source of income for these economies, the overflow of visitors has begun to create palpable tensions. Locals, who once felt proud to share their culture and home, now struggle to find space to breathe amid the constant hustle and bustle. This situation has sparked intense debate in the media and among citizens about how to manage this new phenomenon. A study commissioned by the European Parliament in 2019 described overtourism as a situation in which the impact of tourism exceeds the capacity limits of the affected environments. This summer, that definition has come to life on every corner of tourist cities, where what was once a harmonious landscape is now threatened by noise, pollution, and overcrowding. Natural beauty and cultural heritage are at risk, and the challenge we face is clear: how do we protect what remains of these landscapes from the frenzy of unchecked tourism? From a perspective seeking concrete solutions, some experts suggest that a first measure could be the inclusion of the concept of "landscape" in our constitutions. This incorporation would not only provide a legal framework for the protection of natural and cultural environments but also elevate the importance of these spaces in the collective consciousness. Landscape, understood as the fusion of natural, social, and architectural elements, should be considered a common good that deserves protection and care. However, the discussion surrounding overtourism is not limited to landscape protection. It also encompasses the need for a change in mentality regarding how we conceive tourism. From an educational standpoint, it is crucial to instill a deep respect for the beauty and uniqueness of each place from childhood. This perspective would not only preserve cultural heritage but also strengthen the identity of local communities, helping them resist external pressures that threaten their way of life. The current situation is complex. Political and administrative decisions must be made cautiously and from a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating the voices of locals, sustainable tourism experts, and environmentalists. Tourism management must go beyond temporary measures and quick fixes; we need a holistic approach that considers both the well-being of communities and the preservation of the environment. At the same time, it is important to recognize that solutions are not simple. Tourism is a vital economic engine, and reducing its impact does not mean eliminating it entirely. Rather, it is about finding a balance where visitors can enjoy the experience without stripping the community of its essence. This balance could be achieved through stricter regulations on the number of visitors in iconic locations, as well as promoting lesser-known destinations that can better distribute tourist flow. As these debates unfold, the voice of law undoubtedly plays a fundamental role in mediating these conflicts. As suggested by lawyer and writer Ferdinand Von Schirach, the protection of landscapes and the protection of citizens' rights must go hand in hand. In a context where justice and equity are threatened, it is essential for democracies to maintain an independent judicial system that can counter any attempt at abuse of power, whether by tourism corporations or local governments. This summer, as we listen to the songs that accompany us in the warmth of the days, we cannot forget the resonance of the problems that surround us. The reality of overtourism is a painful melody that disrupts the harmony of our landscapes. The question now is whether we will be willing to take actions that ensure that in the summers to come, we can enjoy a balance between tourism and the protection of our cultural and natural heritage. The music of the future will depend on the decisions we make today.