Autumn 2024: Traditions, Myths, and Astronomical Phenomena in Mexico

Autumn 2024 is approaching, and with it comes the desire to enjoy a season that brings freshness, changes in nature, and a myriad of celebrations. However, the arrival of autumn is not just a simple change of season; there are different ways to define its beginning, which often leads to confusion. In Mexico, there are three main approaches to determining when autumn begins: astronomical, meteorological, and phenological. The astronomical autumn, which many consider the "official" one, begins on September 22 at 6:44 AM (Central Mexico time). This moment is known as the autumn equinox, when sunlight is distributed equally between the hemispheres, marking the end of summer and the start of shorter and cooler days. This phenomenon represents a significant change in the natural cycle of our planet, as the tilt of the Earth's axis causes the northern hemisphere to gradually move away from the sun. On the other hand, the meteorological approach sets the beginning of autumn on the first date of September and extends it until November, dividing the season into three months. This method, based on average temperatures and weather patterns, allows the population to better adapt to the temperature changes that occur during this season. However, it has been observed that climate change could significantly alter these patterns, causing autumn to arrive earlier or later than usual. The phenological approach, for its part, focuses on more tangible signs of nature. The falling of leaves, the migration of birds, and other natural phenomena are used as indicators that autumn has arrived. This method, although more subjective, connects people with the natural environment and allows the arrival of autumn to be felt in a more visceral way, beyond calendars. Despite the differences in defining the start of autumn, there is a general consensus about the festivities that this season brings. In Mexico, Día de Muertos, celebrated on November 1 and 2, is one of the most emblematic traditions. This celebration not only honors the deceased but also becomes a time for family gatherings and the celebration of life. The altar for the dead, adorned with marigold flowers, skulls, and pan de muerto, symbolizes the cultural richness of Mexico. In addition to local festivities, autumn is also a time for international celebrations. Halloween, celebrated on October 31, is growing in popularity in Mexico. Costume parties and trick-or-treating have increasingly integrated into popular culture, creating a fascinating crossover between ancient traditions and new cultural influences. On September 17, 2024, just a few days before the equinox, a Supermoon, known as the Harvest Moon, is expected. This natural phenomenon, which allows for the observation of the largest and brightest full moon in the sky, adds a magical touch to the arrival of autumn. Astronomers and nature lovers are already preparing to enjoy this spectacle, which symbolizes abundance and the culmination of harvests. Greek mythology also intertwines with the arrival of autumn through the myth of Persephone. According to this legend, the goddess of agriculture, Demeter, falls into mourning every time her daughter Persephone is abducted by Hades. This cycle of loss and return reflects the transformation of nature during autumn and winter, influencing various cultures throughout history. Autumn, therefore, is not just a change of season, but a period that invites reflection on deeper cycles in life. The combination of natural changes, festivities, and myths associated with this time reminds us of the richness of the human experience and our connection to the environment. As the equinox approaches and the days shorten, Mexicans prepare to welcome this magical season, full of tradition and meaning.