The complex relationship between politics and economics in Peru: challenges and perspectives for sustainable development.

The discussion about the interaction between politics and economics has gained relevance in recent years, especially with the legislative and constitutional changes driven by the current Congress. These modifications, which intensified with Dina Boluarte's presidency, have sparked intense debate in Peruvian society. While some reforms have been well received, such as the creation of the Senate and the reelection of authorities, others have raised concerns about the state of democracy and the balance of powers in the country. In a detailed analysis, four major changes that have recently marked the political and economic agenda can be identified. Firstly, the takeover of key democratic institutions, such as the ombudsman and the Constitutional Court, stands out, creating an imbalance in the separation of powers. Secondly, the concentration of power in political parties has raised questions about their representativeness and transparency. On the other hand, a setback in the fight against corruption and a weakening of fundamental economic aspects in the Constitution, such as fiscal discipline and protection of property rights, have been observed. These changes have generated uncertainty in the economic landscape, affecting the investment climate and discouraging private sector participation in the national economy. The relationship between politics and economics is complex and often does not manifest immediately. However, political decisions have a direct impact on economic stability and the country's development. A clear example of this was the attempt to modify the Constitution to change the protection of private property, which led to a reduction in investment and capital outflows from the country. Political uncertainty and the possibility of a constitutional change have negatively affected private spending, consumption, and investment in the country. Furthermore, the deinstitutionalization of the democratic system has weakened the foundations for sustainable economic growth and generated instability in various sectors. It is crucial to understand that institutional development is a fundamental element for long-term economic growth. The lack of public participation in economic reforms can lead to their reversal and a stagnation in the country's development. Counter-reforms and economic populism have negatively impacted Peru's economic performance in recent years, reducing the potential growth rate and hindering economic progress. In this context, it is important to promote constructive dialogue among different political and economic actors to ensure reforms that drive sustainable and equitable growth in the country. Institutional stability and respect for the rule of law are fundamental pillars for Peru's economic and social development, and their preservation should be a priority on the national political agenda.