The transformation of fatherhood in contemporary literature: an empathetic and reflective perspective.

Since time immemorial, fatherhood has been a central theme in literature, from classical epics to contemporary novels. In our region, the search for the absent father has been a recurring motif in our literature, reflecting the importance of understanding our roots to build our identity. However, in recent years, there has been a notable change in the representation of the father figure in literature, showing a more lucid, affectionate, and empathetic approach. In a context where masculinities are being questioned and redefined, fatherhood is also experiencing healthy and significant transformations. Great examples of this new perspective on fatherhood can be found in works such as "El olvido que seremos" by Héctor Abad Faciolince, "Tiempo de vida" by Marcos Giralt Torrente, and the recent novel "La figura del mundo" by Juan Villoro, a renowned Mexican writer. In this work, Villoro immerses us in an emotional and brilliant biography of his father, the Catalan philosopher Luis Villoro Toranzo, exploring the complexities of the parent-child relationship and reflecting on the evolution of paternal roles over time. In a Zoom interview, Juan Villoro shares his reflections on fatherhood and the influence of previous paternal models in shaping the current father figure. He emphasizes that the traditional model of fatherhood used to be authoritarian and emotionally distant, focusing mainly on the provider role and inflexible pedagogy. While this vision may have had its virtues, it also perpetuated structures of patriarchy and authoritarianism in parenting. Regarding the role of women in this transformation of fatherhood, Villoro points out that historically women have been relegated to the role of emotional reserve in the home, while men focused on providing. However, today, the empowerment of women in various professional fields has led to a shift in the distribution of roles, allowing men to also take on a more active role in expressing affection and raising children, contributing to a healthier balance in family relationships. In his book, Juan Villoro delves into the complex relationship with his father, highlighting that, although he was an exemplary man in many aspects, he also had difficulties expressing affection. He delves into the need to understand and forgive parents, recognizing that building bridges with them is a shared responsibility between parents and children. Through writing, Villoro seeks to reconcile with his father and understand him in his entirety, transcending past wounds to build a comprehensive and empathetic portrait. Juan Villoro's work also addresses the theme of vulnerability in fatherhood, highlighting how the reversal of the authority relationship with parents in old age can pose new challenges and learning experiences for both parties. The need to accept fragility and the need for help in old age becomes a process of growth and adaptation for parents and children, demonstrating the importance of compassion and understanding in family relationships. Ultimately, "La figura del mundo" by Juan Villoro invites us to reflect on the complexity of fatherly relationships, the importance of empathy and reconciliation in the construction of family identity. Through his work, Villoro shows us that fatherhood is a path of constant learning, marked by understanding, forgiveness, and acceptance of one's own and others' imperfections. A warm and reflective look at the figure of the father, inviting introspection and dialogue towards more enriching and meaningful family relationships.