Felipe VI: 57 years of life and a decade of modernization in the Spanish monarchy.

At 57 years old, King Felipe VI not only celebrates his birthday but also a decade of reign marked by modernization and the pursuit of transparency in the Spanish monarchy. A study conducted by ENIGMIA, in collaboration with the Concordia Real Española association, has highlighted how his reign has managed to adapt to the demands of the 21st century, becoming a symbol of stability in turbulent times. In a context where institutional and social crises were palpable, Felipe VI has tirelessly worked to strengthen the institution he represents. The report indicates that over these ten years, the King has made a constant effort to modernize the Royal House and bring it closer to the public. With an annual budget of 8.43 million euros, the Spanish monarchy positions itself as one of the most economical in Europe. This figure contrasts sharply with the British monarchy, whose funding exceeds 100 million euros, as well as with others like those of France and Italy, which also surpass 100 million. This austere and efficient approach has allowed, according to the study, for the Spanish monarchy to be perceived as a sustainable model. One of the most notable aspects of Felipe VI's reign has been his active diplomacy. The ENIGMIA report highlights that the King has made more state visits than any other European monarch in the last decade, totaling 16 visits to 14 countries. This diplomatic effort has placed Spain in a reference position in international relations, especially in Europe and Latin America. In comparison, his counterparts from the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden have made fewer trips during the same period, reinforcing Felipe VI's image as a leader committed to the country's international projection. In addition to his role on the international stage, the King has carried out over 3,900 official acts, averaging 398 activities annually. His closeness has been evident in significant events such as the awarding of the Princess of Asturias Awards and his visits to various autonomous communities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, his empathy towards the needs of citizens was particularly notable, consolidating his image as a supportive leader in times of crisis. Despite these achievements, Felipe VI's reputation index has experienced ups and downs, reflecting the complexities of the Spanish political context. Key moments, such as his speech during the Catalan crisis in 2017, have influenced public perception of his leadership. His defense of constitutional order was crucial, although it also generated polarization in regions like Catalonia. This balance between leadership and polarization remains a relevant topic in the evaluation of his reign. The report highlights that regions such as Andalusia, Navarra, and Valencia show a favorable perception of the monarchy, emphasizing attributes such as transparency and connection to the territory. However, in Catalonia, the Basque Country, and Madrid, the indices are lower, reflecting a distancing that may require more tailored strategies to address these regional realities. This polarization underscores the challenges the monarchy faces in maintaining its relevance in a country with a fragmented political landscape. In an international context, the media has highlighted the King's transparency and his capacity to lead in crises. His role in promoting the Marca España has been praised in Latin America and Western Europe, where he is recognized for his commitment to diplomacy and sustainable development. However, political decisions, such as the signing of pardons related to the procés and the Amnesty Law in 2024, have opened debates about the role of the monarchy in democratic systems, generating mixed opinions both within and outside Spain. The reality of the Spanish monarchy is, therefore, a reflection of the society in which it exists. While some see it as a pillar of stability and modernization, others question its relevance in a context of increasing political plurality. As King Felipe VI enters his second decade of reign, challenges will continue, but so will opportunities to reaffirm his role and that of the monarchy in Spain's future. With these elements at play, the future of the Spanish monarchy seems to depend on its ability to adapt and respond to the demands of an evolving society. The figure of the King, for his part, remains an essential component in the political and social fabric of the country, and his legacy will be marked by how he navigates these uncertain times. In this sense, his 57th birthday is not only a personal celebration but also an opportunity to reflect on the future of the monarchy in a Spain that continues to seek its path in the 21st century.