Prevention of STIs in pregnancies: key to maternal and child health.

The health of pregnant individuals and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during pregnancy are extremely important topics that have gained prominence in recent weeks within the Ministry of Public Health. In an effort to strengthen prenatal care and improve health outcomes for newborns, health authorities have emphasized the need to conduct STI screening not only for pregnant women but also for their sexual partners. This strategy aims to minimize the vertical transmission of infections from mother to child, a phenomenon that can have devastating consequences for child health. Preventing and controlling STIs during pregnancy is crucial, with HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B being the most prevalent infections in this context. Early detection of these viruses allows affected individuals to access effective treatments that not only improve their quality of life but also prevent the baby from being born with an infection. In particular, recent statistics reflect an increase in the detection and treatment of syphilis cases in pregnant women, highlighting the importance of regular testing and ensuring that appropriate treatment is available. Laura Caporaletti, head of the Sexually Transmitted Diseases program, has emphasized the relevance of health teams in educating and raising awareness about the use of protective methods, such as condoms. Effective communication between health professionals and expectant mothers is essential to ensure that women understand the importance of protecting themselves from infections during pregnancy, as well as monitoring both their health and that of their partners. STIs are transmitted through unprotected sexual relations and can affect anyone, regardless of age or sexual orientation. Often, these infections do not present obvious symptoms, making early detection even more vital. Warning signs may include unusual discharges and lesions in genital areas, which should be evaluated by a health professional. Among preventive measures, the proper use of condoms is paramount, as well as vaccination in the case of hepatitis B and human papillomavirus (HPV). It is crucial for pregnant individuals to undergo regular check-ups and follow medical guidelines for the treatment of any detected STIs. In the case of pregnant women who test positive for HIV, treatment must be continuous during pregnancy and after childbirth to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby. Epidemiological data in Salta provide an alarming insight into the current situation of STIs in the province. So far in 2024, 259 cases of syphilis in pregnancies have been documented, with a notable increase in congenital syphilis transmission, amounting to 69 diagnosed cases. This increase underscores the need to intensify prevention and health education efforts. Additionally, the record of 59 pregnant individuals with HIV in Salta, all treated and monitored, is reassuring, as none of the exposed children have tested positive. However, the rise in syphilis cases and the importance of early detection urge us to double our efforts. Quarterly check-ups are essential not only for the health of the mother but also to ensure that the baby has a healthy start to life free from infections. The strategy of the Ministry of Public Health focuses on the prevention, education, and treatment of STIs during pregnancy, with the firm intention of reducing the incidence of these infections and their consequences on child health. Collaboration between health professionals, pregnant individuals, and their partners is vital to achieving positive outcomes in this area. Reproductive health is not only the responsibility of the pregnant individual but a collective effort that requires the commitment of the entire community.